Example: Staphylococcus aureus . Staphylococcus aureus Electron micrograph from Visuals Unlimited, with permission. The microscopic appearance of Staphylococcus aureus is round and resembles that of a sphere (cocci). The Gram stain procedure enables bacteria to retain color of the stains, based on the differences in the chemical and physical properties of the cell wall. When grown on a TSA plate, Staphylococcus aureus appears to be yellow to opaque in color. Using criteria based on direct Gram stain characteristics, an experienced microscopist was able to distinguish S aureus from other staphylococci isolated from BacT/ALERT blood culture bottles with an overall sensitivity of 89% and specificity of 98%. Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia is a common and significant infection, associated with high rates of mortality. Staphylococcus aureus retains the purple stain and hence are said to be gram positive. In Greek, staphylococcus means “clusters of grapes.” The use of a common bacteriological stain, the Gram stain, helps to identify S. aureus.

Gram negative bacteria may either lose the stain or stain with the counter stain. This shape is known as cocci. Although more than 20 species of Staphylococcus are described in Bergey's Manual (2001), only Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are significant in their interactions with humans. The rapid identification of Staphylococcus aureus from positive blood cultures provides important clinical and therapeutic information. This shape is known as cocci. Gram negative bacteria may either lose the stain or stain with the counter stain. When grown on a TSA plate, Staphylococcus aureus appears to be yellow to opaque in color. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a gram positive bacterium that when looked at under a microscope it appears to be a cluster of what looks like purple circles.

This micro organism also has the ability to ferment glucose in the absence of oxygen, and lactic acid is formed in this process as a result. After checking to make sure you stained the correct culture of S. aureus, which of the following might best explain why the bacteria stained incorrectly? 1. While observing a gram stain of Staphylococcus aureus (a known gram positive organism) with a light microscope, you realize all of the cells stained red as if they are gram negative. Gram positive bacteria: Stain dark purple due to retaining the primary dye called Crystal Violet in the cell wall. Because of the way the bacteria divide and multiply, it will appear in clusters or tetrads. Staphylococcus aureus is Gram-positive bacteria (stain purple by Gram stain) that are cocci-shaped and tend to be arranged in clusters that are described as “grape-like.” On media, these organisms can grow in up to 10% salt, and colonies are often golden or yellow (aureus means golden or yellow). • Gram stain reaction: Gram-negative diplococci • Morphology: medium, smooth round, moist, gray to white, encapsulated strains are mucoid, may be greenish cast in agar underneath colonies • Expected colony growth: CO2 will enhance growth but not needed to initiate, ferments glucose and maltose Staphylococcus aureus retains the purple stain and hence are said to be gram positive. Therefore, early identification is important for the initiation of appropriate treatment. This micro organism also has the ability to ferment glucose in the absence of oxygen, and lactic acid is formed in this process as a result. 2. Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive, round-shaped bacterium that is a member of the Firmicutes, and it is a usual member of the microbiota of the body, frequently found in the upper respiratory tract and on the skin.It is often positive for catalase and nitrate reduction and is a facultative anaerobe that can grow without the need for oxygen. Fig: Gram positive bacteria .


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